by Maryam Hussain How the working of a theoretical engine was proposed? The theoretical heat engine was proposed by Sadi Carnot in 1824 . Heat engines are devices that can convert heat into mechanical energy. Like a Steam engine or Motor vehicle, the working principle of all heat engines is the same in which any working substance gas or vapor is brought back to the initial stage by going through different thermodynamic stages of a cyclic process . Carnot suggested that, if a heat engine goes through fixed thermodynamic stages of a specified process, then the efficiency of the heat engine may be 100% possible. Ideally, this engine gives maximum efficiency. No other engine can be more efficient than this. The specified cyclic process suggested by Carnot is called the Carnot cycle. The Carnot engine has four main parts: 1). First, an insulated, non-conducting stand , so that the transfer of energy is not possible . 2). Second, a hot reservoir with infi...
by Maryam Hussain A warranty is a contract between a manufacturer/seller and a consumer w.r.t sale of a product where a manufacturer/seller takes the responsibility to rectify defects or failures of products due to inadequate design, manufacturing, and quality control problems over a certain duration of time after the sale. The seller is the interfacial person between the consumer and the manufacturer. Most of the time, the seller represents the manufacturer while dealing with the consumer. The seller also represents the consumer for the warranty claimed by the consumer. Here, a buyer is an end user or consumer , and, the term consumer will be used here. It has been experienced that upon partial or complete failure of a product, the consumer brings the product to the seller and asks for its warranty claim. Sooner during the conversation a point reaches where the consumer says “ It’s covered under warranty ”. Conversely, the seller says “ It is not covered under warranty ”...