by Maryam Hussain How the working of a theoretical engine was proposed? The theoretical heat engine was proposed by Sadi Carnot in 1824 . Heat engines are devices that can convert heat into mechanical energy. Like a Steam engine or Motor vehicle, the working principle of all heat engines is the same in which any working substance gas or vapor is brought back to the initial stage by going through different thermodynamic stages of a cyclic process . Carnot suggested that, if a heat engine goes through fixed thermodynamic stages of a specified process, then the efficiency of the heat engine may be 100% possible. Ideally, this engine gives maximum efficiency. No other engine can be more efficient than this. The specified cyclic process suggested by Carnot is called the Carnot cycle. The Carnot engine has four main parts: 1). First, an insulated, non-conducting stand , so that the transfer of energy is not possible . 2). Second, a hot reservoir with infi...
by Maryam Hussain Is temperature depending on the mass or size of a body? Temperature is a macroscopic characteristic of any system such to which a numerical value can be assigned at a given time without knowledge of the previous behavior, history, of the system. Hence the temperature is an intensive property of a system because its value is independent of the size or extent of a system and may vary from place to place within the system at any moment. If we wish to measure the temperature of an elephant under his left ear and then under his right ear, then it will be same for both of a 500 kg elephant or for a 700 kg elephant. Therefore, the temperature of the whole body is not the sum of the temperatures of the parts of that body . Temperature is a technical term that is quantifies the amount of internal energy possessed by a substance. How to define the temperature? Temperature is defined as the degree of “hotness” or “coldness” of a body. We use our sense o...