by Maryam Hussain How the working of a theoretical engine was proposed? The theoretical heat engine was proposed by Sadi Carnot in 1824 . Heat engines are devices that can convert heat into mechanical energy. Like a Steam engine or Motor vehicle, the working principle of all heat engines is the same in which any working substance gas or vapor is brought back to the initial stage by going through different thermodynamic stages of a cyclic process . Carnot suggested that, if a heat engine goes through fixed thermodynamic stages of a specified process, then the efficiency of the heat engine may be 100% possible. Ideally, this engine gives maximum efficiency. No other engine can be more efficient than this. The specified cyclic process suggested by Carnot is called the Carnot cycle. The Carnot engine has four main parts: 1). First, an insulated, non-conducting stand , so that the transfer of energy is not possible . 2). Second, a hot reservoir with infi...
by Maryam Hussain 1) How do I make 1 N sodium hydroxide? Answer: Prepare 1 M (1 molar) solution of sodium hydroxide by dissolving 40 grams of sodium hydroxide in water such that 1 liter of solution is obtained. 2) How many molecules of CO 2 are there in 0.05 mol of CO 2 ? Answer: 3.011 X 10 22 molecules 3) Is there proof that A^2 = (A+B) ^2? Answer: put B = 0, then A^2 = (A+B) ^2 4) Is 0.50 grams the mole of NH 4 OH? Answer: 35 grams represents one mole of NH 4 OH 5) If I dissolve 1kg of sugar in water and I then evaporate the solution will I get 1 kg of sugar? Answer: Since solubility is due to weak forces & heating, evaporation, for example, breaks these weak force bonds but during evaporation, some of the dissolved solute, sugar, is carried over by rising water vapors. If you recover these evaporated vapors, you can recover sugar. 6) Is mole fraction volume dependent? Answer: Yes, it is true for ideal gas because both mole & volume fract...