by Maryam Hussain Cattle animals are also called ruminant animals because they are capable to consume and digest plant materials and are classified as herbivores . Ruminants include cattle, sheep, goats, deer, elk, and many other wild species. The word ruminant came from the property of such animals to ruminate i-e chew the cud. There are inherent major modifications of the GI tract of ruminants relating to the stomach area, which is divided into four compartments, and all of this help to process the ingested food towards milk, meat, and energy. The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms and host is developed to the highest degree in the GI tract of ruminants because the rumen provides a favorable environment. Cattle pick their meals by smell and taste, then graze until the first chamber of the stomach, the rumen, is full. Once the rumen is full of grass or hay, the cattle will lie down in a comfortable spot and, mouthful by mouthful, burp it all back up ag...
Process Constraints and Optimization, Mass and Energy balances of process, Converters development, Assignments writing.